From this explanation is evident that in the insurance agreement that there are elements:
1. The form and amount of collateral that will be given the insurance company.
2. Danger or calamity that occurred.
3. Or installment payments paid by the customer.
INSURANCE HISTORY
Insurance first appeared in the form of travel insurance in the ocean that emerged in the 14th century AD. But this insurance has a history since pre-Christian roots, namely, that someone lend some treasure usury to ship to sail, if the ship was destroyed, then the loan is missing. When the ship survived, then the loan would be returned with usury (extra) agreed. The ship was pledged as collateral while the loan repayments and ribanya.
Thus the origin of the insurance company which is a treaty that is usury, based on the elements and confront the dangers of gambling. Permanent insurance such as appears first.
And then came the insurance on the mainland among the nations 17th-century England in AD. Insurance forms, which first appeared is fire insurance. This comes after the great fires in London in the year 1666 AD. More than 13 thousand houses and about 100 churches become victims of fire. Then fire insurance is spreading in many countries outside the UK on 18th century AD, especially in Germany, France and the United States. Then the spread and increased insurance-type species, especially in the 20th century AD.
KINDS OF INSURANCE
Judging from the shape and purpose, there are two types of insurance:
1) At-at-Tijaariy Ta'miin
Insurance is aimed at making profit, or used as insurance business, insurers who have installment plans. This installment automatically become the property insurance company in lieu of payment he had undertaken in case of disaster, or what was agreed. If the amount of payments from the company is greater than the money in installments, then it is borne by the company, and is a disadvantage. If no disaster occurs, then it belongs to the installment of the company without any compensation. And this is an advantage. This is insurance that dibacarakan here. And speculation is forbidden because it is harmful either party.
2) At-at-Ta'aawuniy Ta'miin
Or also called at-at-Tabaaduliy Ta'miin or at-Ta'miin al-Islamiy. Ie insurance or insurance mutual assistance in accordance with the Islamic religion. It does not aim to make profits, but only in the form of helping to bear hardship. For example: a group of people together to raise money, with this money they are helping people affected by disasters. This Islamic insurance company, do not automatically have the cash installment of the customer. Similarly, the money that is paid when the accident occurred is not owned by the company, but the common property. This company is just saving, develop, and provide assistance.
In addition there are other types of insurance, namely:
3) At-Ta'miin al-Ijtima'iy (social security)
It also does not seek profit, and not a special insurance on someone who is afraid of certain disaster. But it aims to help people, who might number in the millions of people. As performed by states against their employees, which is known as pension regulations. That is by cutting their salaries by a certain percentage, and when it has until retirement, the money is given monthly pension in the form of salary, or given severance pay as well as to assist his life. Even this type of insurance was not included. This is not why, as long as it is not stored in the bank that runs the usury.
Various Kinds of Insurance Tijari
At-at-Tijaariy Ta'miin insurance, which aims to make profits very much macanya, among others:
1) Accident Insurance
This type of insurance carried on the property-owned property, such as theft insurance, fire insurance, and such. Also performed on account of customers, such as vehicle accident insurance, accident insurance, and the like.
2) Personal Insurance
Ie insurance from the dangers associated with the man himself, on the side of life, health, or safety. This includes life insurance and accident insurance-agency plight.
3) Life Insurance
That agreement, which requires insurance companies to give some money to customers or to any third person, in lieu of repayment installments, provided, when the demise of our customers, or keep his client until a certain age. This case there are several kinds:
Insurance for Death Situation
Is given a sum of money at the time of death of customers. There are three kinds:
a) For Life Insurance
Namely the insurance company gave some money to people who were insured at the time of death of people who pay insurance (customer). If the insurance for a specific term, like 20 years for example, and customers were to die before 20 years passed, then the payments fall, and those who are insured are entitled to the amount of insurance money in full. This means losses for the company. And if customers were still alive over 20 years, the payments stopped, but the insurance money is not given to people who diansuransikan except after death of client.
b) Insurance Over Time
Ie customers pay insurance installments, and the company will pay an amount of insurance money to people who diansuransikan if the customer died in the insurance lapse. If customers are still living through an insurance lapse, so he paid ansuran had disappeared, and the company took the money without any benefits. This type of insurance is very clear element of gambling.
c) During His life Insurance Insured People
Namely the insurance company gave some money to people who are insured, if he remains alive after the death of the person paying the insurance (customer). Diansuransikan But if the person died before the person paying the insurance (customer), then the insurance stops, and the treasures that have been deposited by a customer is lost. This type of insurance is also very clear element of gambling.
Permanent Life Insurance for Condition
Namely the survival of the customer, this is the reverse of the form 1. a. Which customers pay a certain amount of money insurance to insurance companies, and companies will also pay a certain sum of money, too-the more-at the time specified, if the customer was still alive until that time. But if the customer dies before the time set, then the insurance stops, and the treasures that have been deposited by a customer is lost. And heirs can not use them. This type of insurance is also very clear element of gambling.
Combined Insurance
Namely the merger of two types of insurance above. The insurance company guarantees payment of insurance money to people who are insured, if the customer died at specified intervals, or pay to the customer if he were still alive after the completion of insurance. Therefore angsuransi installment of this type is greater than the previous two types.
From Disaster-insurance plight Agency
Namely the insurance company guarantees payment of insurance money to people who are insured, if the customer-related calamity strikes the body, during the period of insurance. Or given to anyone in particular, if the customers who follow the insurance death. This type of health insurance included, and sometimes health insurance covers all types of disease, or certain body disease, or surgical illness, or some disease. And the insurance transaction documents to determine which types of hazards that are insured and who have insurance coverage with the company.