1 The story goes that the Arabic name Khalid tending his goats in the region Kaffas in southern Ethiopia, when he saw the animal was recovered after eating some berries. Cooked berries, the first coffee. Of course, the first record of the drink beans from Ethiopia to Yemen, Sufis drank to stay awake all night to pray on special occasions. In the late 15 th century in Mecca and Turkey from where he had his own way in Venice, 1645 He was born in England in 1650 in Turk named Pasqua Rosée, that the first coffee house in Lombard Street in London. Arabic Turkish qahwa Caffé kahve then English and Italian coffee.
2 The ancient Greeks thought our eyes emitted radiation as the laser, which allows us to see. The first who understood that the light enters the eye, by contrast, was a 10-century Muslim mathematician, astronomer and physicist Ibn al-Haytham. He invented the first PIN-hole camera after the way the light passes through a hole in window shutters. The smaller the hole, the better the picture, it worked, and the first camera obscura (from the Arabic words in a dark room qamara or private). He is also credited with the first man in physics from the philosophical work on the pilot.
3 types of chess played in ancient India but the game was developed, as we know it today in Persia. From there, its spread westward to Europe - where he was from the Moors in Spain in the 10 th century - and as Far East as Japan. The word comes from the Persian Rukh tower, which means chariot.
4 Thousands of years before the Wright brothers a Muslim poet, astronomer, musician and engineer named Abbas ibn firna several attempts to create a plane. In step 852 the minaret of the Great Mosque in Cordoba layer of wood with a rigid structure. Expected to glide like a bird. You have not done so. But the cloak slowed his fall, it is assumed that led to the first parachute, and are only minor injuries. In the year 875 at the age of 70 years, improved machine of silk and feathers Eagles once again attempted to move from the mountains. Flew to a significant height and stayed until ten minutes but crashed on landing - the correct conclusion, because it is not the tail of the device, because at the time of landing. Baghdad international airport and a crater on the Moon is named in his honor.
5 Washing and bathing are religious requirements of Muslims, who may, therefore, they perfected the recipe for soap which is still used today. The ancient Egyptians had soap of a species, like the Romans, who are more than lipstick. But it was the Arabs who combined vegetable oils with sodium hydroxide and aromatics such as thyme oil. One of the Crusaders' most of the functions of the Arab nostrils, was that he did not wash. Shampoo was introduced in England in that Muslim Mohammed opened in the Indian Ocean, a steam bath in Brighton in 1759 and became a surgeon, shampoo King George IV and William IV
6 Distillation, the means for separation of fluids based on differences in their boiling points, was nearly 800 years of Islam from any scientific, Jabir Bin Hayyan, alchemy, turning the chemistry, inventing many of the basic processes and apparatus still used - liquefaction, crystallisation, distillation, purification, oxidation, evaporation and seepage. And found a sulfuric and nitric acid, he invented the cube yet, so the intense world of roses and other perfumes and alcoholic drinks (even if it is Haram to drink, or forbidden in Islam). Ibn Hayyan emphasized systematic experience and the founder of modern chemistry.
7 crank is a device which was in rotary and linear motion is crucial for a large part of this mechanism in the modern world, not least the internal combustion engine. One of the most important mechanical inventions in the history of mankind, in an ingenious Muslim engineer al-Jazari to water for irrigation. His 1206 book Knowledge of the original mechanical devices also shows invented or specify the use of valves and pistons, which is one of the first mechanical clock in the water and the weight and he was the father of robotics. Among the 50 other inventions was the combination lock.
8 is a way to stitch sewing or tying two layers of fabric with a layer of insulation between them. It is unclear whether he was in the Muslim world or from India or China. But it came to the West via the Crusaders. As in the case of the Saracen warriors, who wore straw-filled quilted canvas shirts instead of armor. As a form of protection, effective protection from the chafing of the Crusaders' armor made of metal and is an effective form of insulation - the more so that there will be a home industry back home in colder climates such as Britain and Holland.
9 pointed arch so characteristic of European Gothic cathedral was an invention borrowed from Islamic architecture. It was much stronger than the rounded arch used by the Romans and the Normans, so that the construction of more, higher, longer and more complex buildings. Other borrowings from Muslim genius, ribbed vault, in the windows and dome-building techniques. Castles and palaces in Europe, have also been adapted to the Islamic world - with arrow slits, battlements, Barbican and railings. Square towers and keeps gave way to more easily defended round. Heinrich V castle architect was a Muslim.
10 modern surgical instruments are of exactly the same design developed in the 10 th century Muslim doctor called al-Zahrawi. His scalpels, bone saws, forceps, fine scissors for eye surgery, and many of the 200 documents are recognizable in modern surgery. He discovered that catgut internal stitches dissolves away naturally (discovery when his monkey ate his lute strings) and can be used for medicine capsules. In the 13 th century another Muslim physician named Ibn Nafis described the circulation of blood, 300 years ago William Harvey discovered. Muslims doctors also invented anesthesia opium and alcohol mixes and developed hollow needles to suck cataracts from eyes in the technique used today.